Natural wastewater treatment.
The main building - a septic tank. It is an underground clarifier comprising one or more compartments. Here there is a consistent mechanical cleaning processes due to sedimentation of water to form a precipitate and pop substances, and also partly due to the collapse of the biological treatment of organic contaminants.
Mechanical cleaning system allows you to make a primary water treatment, after which it can be discharged into the ground without fear of contamination of soil or well, but only in the case of deep groundwater. System mechanical sewage treatment apparatus is a multi-sectional and often consists of 2-4 blocks, passing through which the water gets a new degree of purification. One treatment plant put additional cleaning of the filter sand and gravel, through which water is seeping out into the ground.
The degree of purification of water depends on the number of sections and the speed of purification - of the degree of dirt capacity of the filter. As pollution treatment facilities requires blocks of cleaning specialists. It is made, usually every 2-3 years and is partially changing the soil at the bottom of the drainage facilities.
Wastewater treatment systems in private homes
section:
Vacation home / sewer, Projects and Technologies
In the design of a private house, one of the most important and difficult tasks is considered proper arrangement of drainage systems. The most common ways of arrangement of individual sewerage systems are:
septic tanks;
cesspools Drives;
biological treatment system.
Sewage necessarily requires the participation of various microorganisms for which such pollution are an excellent breeding ground and during their life they absorb them. The organization of this process is possible in three ways:
In the application of anaerobic bacteria that live in oxygen-free environment. Wastewater treatment is performed somewhere in 50%. Use this option in the septic tank.
Use of putrefactive bacteria, results in a minimum of treated wastewater is used for this type of cesspools.
The use of aerobic bacteria with constant access of oxygen leads to a natural decomposition of the waste. Purification is carried out practically by 98%, and is used in systems bioremediation.
Thereby equip individual sewerage system in several ways, and different costs. But in this case, and the result are very different.
Cesspools for sewage
These devices consist of a simple drive, which are intended for collecting impurities that enter the pipeline capacity. Purification is carried out using capacitance assenizatorskoy machine. For safety, the structure should be sealed as if the pits used without a bottom or furnished on the bottom filter layer made of gravel and sand, the soil will fall into various toxic substances.
Benefits cesspool:
extreme simplicity of construction;
except pump requires no maintenance.
Disadvantages
regular pumping of sewage;
unpleasant odors;
danger of depressurization and getting toxic waste into the ground;
with a high level of ground water system improvement is not possible.
To equip a cesspool, you can use different options and the most simple is the installation of the finished tank. Basically this plastic container which has an extensive period of use and does not corrode.
Septic tank for sewage
Septic - a system consisting of interconnected containers, involving anaerobic bacteria. Impurities sequentially flow from one container to another, wherein each deposited solid fractions which are decomposed by bacteria and accumulated sediment is removed with assenizatorskoy machine. Purification of contaminated liquid occurs at 70% solids contamination remain at the bottom of the system and the lighter gives additional purification through the soil.
For this special filtration developing are fields that must necessarily be away from drinking water sources. This filtering system consists of spray tubes which are laid in the trench with the filter element as well as a drainage outlet for purified water. Time in 7 years this building must dig, wash and do the replacement of the filter layer.
Advantages septic tank:
relative cheapness of installation and resettlement;
complete energy independence.
disadvantages:
low level of purification;
Not very often, but regular pumping of sludge;
arrangement need additional fields or seepage pits.
Septic tank can equip yourself. To do this it is necessary to interconnect several containers which can be made of brick or concrete. Of course, this design is much cheaper than in industrial production, but in terms of reliability, they will concede the factory system.
The biological treatment of wastewater
Deep biological treatment - made only by means of aeration station. The work of these devices use natural biological purification that occurs in nature. With mechanical treatment and exposure to the bacteria of anaerobic and aerobic type, the output is a process water, which is purified by 98%, as well as sludge, which can be used as fertilizer.
The principle of operation of this system is quite simple. Impurities fall into the receiving chamber, the large particles are crushed further and the liquid is oxygenated. Then the wastewater is usually prepared strainer and using airlift enter the chamber bioremediation. Thereafter, the treated sludge as by airlifts moves into the activated sludge stabilizer. In the process of this treated wastewater discharged to the ground or in a pond, they can also be used for irrigation. As for the mud, it must be pumped out about once or twice a month.
Advantages :
ease of maintenance;
high degree of purification;
absence of unpleasant odors;
compact plants;
installation in any type of soil;
durability of a minimum of 50 years.
disadvantages:
high cost;
volatility, since it requires electricity to operate the compressor.
Lineup of these plants is quite wide. Thus they can be used not only for private homes but also of entire farms.